The Special “Morse Code” between Solvent Polarity and Morphology Flexibility in a POSS–Dendrimer Supramolecular System

An amazing phenomenon of the relative magnitude of modulus of two liquid-crystal (LC) gels is found inverted under/above their phase transition temperature T_LC-iso, which is further proved to be caused by their diverse morphology flexibility. By testing the polarity of two LCs, gelator POSS-G1-Boc (POSS=polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) was discovered to self-assemble into more flexible structures in a relatively low polar LC, whereas more rigid ones are formed in higher polar LC. Hence, a fitting function to connect morphology flexibility with solvent polarity was established, which can even be generalized to a number of common solvents. Experimental observations and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations revealed that solvent polarity mirrors a “Morse code”, with each “code” corresponding to a specific morphology flexibility.     

Tuning Emission Wavelength of Polymorphous Crystal via Controllable Alkyl Chain Stacking and Its Vapor- and Thermo-Responsive Fluorescence

Tuning fluorescence colour of solid-state materials has become a topic of increasing interest for both fundamental mechanism study and practical applications such as sensors, optical recording and security printing. In this work, a fluorescent colour tuneable molecule BA-C16 is rationally designed and facilely synthesized by attaching flexible long alkyl chains to 2-hydroxybenzophenone azine ( BA ), which shows both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) characteristics. Compared to BA , the simple introduction of long alkyl chains in BA-C16 leads to an emission wavelength redshift from 542 to 558 nm. This strategy of extending emission wavelength is rarely reported, and is ascribed to the enlarged through-space π-conjugation between interplanar molecules in the aggregate of BA-C16 . Three crystals of BA-C16 are obtained with green, yellowish green and yellow emission. According to characterization by X-ray crystallography, X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, alkyl chains play an important role in inducing different stacking modes of the three crystals, which further leads to polymorph-dependent fluorescence colour. BA-C16 exhibits tuneable solid-state fluorescence upon vapor fumigation, or annealing based on a transition between a “near-monomer” crystalline state and a “dimer” crystalline state. BA-C16 is further applied for rewritable fluorescence printing tuned by vapor- and thermal-treatment.     

球形方解石的合成和表征

25℃下,用豆腐废水作为碳酸钙形貌调节剂,用Na2 CO3和CaCl,·6H2O作为原料合成碳酸钙,研究豆腐废水对产物组成和粒子形貌的影响.用粉末X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对合成的产品晶型进行了表征,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察研究粒子的形貌.研究结果显示,合成得到的产物是纯的方解石,粒子的形状是球形的或者是接近球形的.结果 说明,豆腐废水虽然不会影响碳酸钙的晶型,但是会影响碳酸钙粒子的形貌.     

Ag@CH3NH3PbI3等离激元效应增强钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的数值研究

由于银纳米粒子结构的表面等离激元共振特性对有机无机卤化物钙钛矿的新型太阳能电池性能有一定影响,利用comsol mutiphysics多物理场仿真软件对Ag@CH3 NH3 PbI3纳米粒子等离激元效应增强钙钛矿太阳能薄膜电池性能进行研究,对粒子半径和粒子间距对于能量的影响进行了计算;对光敏层能量增强的机理进行了解释;并对电场分布进行了详细说明.依据实验数据,给出优化后的银纳米粒子阵列和钙钛矿光敏层的厚度以及强度,为实验制备高效稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池提供理论指导.     

Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines by SnCl4-Mediated [4+2] Cycloaddition between Donor–Acceptor Cyclobutanes and Nitriles

Cycloadditions of strained carbocycles promoted by Lewis acids are powerful methods to construct heterocyclic frameworks. In fact, the formal [3+2] cycloadditions of donor–acceptor (DA) cyclopropanes with nitriles has seen particular success in synthesis. In this work, we report on the first [4+2] cycloaddition of nitriles with DA cyclobutanes by Lewis acid activation. Tetrahydropyridine derivatives were obtained in up to 91 % yield from various aryl-activated cyclobutane diesters and aliphatic or aromatic nitriles.     

基于计算机视觉技术的茶叶品质随机森林感官评价方法研究

为弥补茶叶品质感官审评存在的缺陷，利用计算机视觉技术对茶叶品质进行快速无损评价研究。以碧螺春绿茶为对象，依据专家感官审评结果，将茶样分成4个等级；采用中值滤波及拉普拉斯算子对茶样图像进行预处理，并提取预处理后的茶样图像的颜色特征和纹理特征以表征茶叶图像的外形特征，利用随机森林算法对茶叶外形特征属性进行重要性排序；筛选出重要性较大的特征及随机森林算法中最优的决策树棵数建立感官评价模型，并与建立的支持向量机(SVM)模型性能相比较。结果表明：色调均值、色调标准差、绿体均值、平均灰度级、饱和度均值、红体均值、饱和度标准差、亮度均值、一致性等9个特征属性的重要性较大，且与感官审评特征描述结果相一致；当采用优选出的9个重要性较大的特征及决策数棵数为500时，建立的模型性能最优，模型总体判别率为95.75%，Kappa系数为0.933，OOB误差为5%，较SVM模型分别提高了3.5%，0.066，优选的9个重要性较大的图像特征与感官审评特征描述相一致。研究表明：利用随机森林方法筛选出对茶叶外形特征属性贡献最大的少数几个特征建立模型，模型性能就能达到很好的识别效果，模型得到简化，同时模型精度和稳定性都高于其他方法。     

MoSi2-SiC复合材料制备及抗热震性能研究

本文采用直接熔渗法制备二硅化钼-碳化硅(MoSi2-SiC)复合材料.以碳化硅(SiC)(粒度为0～2.5 mm、≤240目)为主要原料,水溶性树脂为结合剂,经混炼、成型、烘干后得到SiC坯体,再用二硅化钼(MoSi2)(D50 =3μm)粉末掩埋SiC坯体,在真空条件下2000℃保温3h进行熔渗烧结,制备出MoSi2-SiC复合材料.采用阿基米德排水法研究了MoSi2-SiC复合材料的显气孔率、体积密度;采用三点抗弯法测试了MoSi2-SiC复合材料1400℃抗折强度;采用热线法测试了MoSi2-SiC复合材料导热系数;采用X射线衍射测试了MoSi2-SiC复合材料的物相组成;采用SEM测试了MoSi2-SiC复合材料的显微结构;分别采用风冷法和水冷法对比研究了MoSi2-SiC复合材料、重结晶碳化硅(R-SiC)、氮化硅-碳化硅(Si3N4-SiC)三种材料抗热震性.结果表明:MoSi2在烧结过程中部分发生分解,生成了Mo5Si3,MoSi2、Mo5Si3填充于SiC的内部并实现烧结致密化,使MoSi2-SiC复合材料的显气孔率显著降低至5.7;,体积密度为3.59 g.cm-3.MoSi2-SiC复合材料中MoSi2、Mo5Si3含量分别为10wt; ～ 15wt;、3wt; ～ 5wt;.1000℃下MoSi2-SiC的导热系数为46.5W·m-1 ·K-1,显著高于R-SiC(28.3 W.m-1.K-1)材料、Si3N4-SiC(16.8 W.m-1.K-1)材料.综上所述,MoSi2-SiC复合材料的抗热震性能显著优于R-SiC材料、Si3N4-SiC材料.     

耐等离子刻蚀陶瓷的研究现状

等离子刻蚀技术是超大规模集成电路制备工艺中不可或缺加工技术.在半导体晶圆尺寸不断增大以及特征尺寸不断缩少的发展进程中,晶圆的污染问题越来越突出.而刻蚀机腔室材料作为晶圆的主要污染源之一,其耐等离子刻蚀性日益受到人们的关注.本文主要介绍耐等离子体刻蚀腔体材料的特性及目前国内外的研究与发展现状.     

等离子体电极普克尔盒研究进展

等离子体电极普克尔盒(PEPC)用作多程放大控制、自激振荡抑制以及反激光隔离,是大型高功率固体激光器的核心器件。本文从高功率固体激光器的发展对光开关提出的要求出发,系统地综述了等离子体电极普克尔盒的性能特点以及研究进展。重点介绍了中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心近年来在PEPC研究方面所取得的进展,包括单脉冲驱动的组合口径PEPC、低损耗PEPC以及重复频率运转的PEPC。